A senate committee in the Philippines estimated that the country lost as much as US$1.8bn per year during the 1980s. Of the 13 companies that were investigated, 12 had broken the law. These illegal activities undermine responsible forest management, encourage corruption and tax evasion and reduce the income of the producer countries, further limiting the resources producer countries can invest in sustainable development. [5][6][7][8][9] Possible actions to restrict imports cannot meet with WTO regulations of non-discrimination. [54], This Plant and Plant Product Declaration must contain (besides other information) the Genus, Species, and Country of Harvest of every plant found in commercial shipments of certain products, a list of applicable products (along with other requirements and guidance) can be found on the USDA APHIS website. Between 50% and 90% of logging from the key countries in these regions is being carried out by organised criminal entities. Illegal logging has serious economic and social implications for the poor and disadvantaged with millions of dollars worth of timber revenue being lost each year.[17]. It can also happen when forests are cleared for plantations such as oil palm. This is evident in places such as large protected swathes of northern Nan Province that were formerly covered with virgin forest and that have been deforested even while having national park status. Illegal logging contributes to deforestation and by extension global warming, causes loss of biodiversity, and undermines the rule of law. In environmental terms illegal logging is associated with deforestation, climate change and a loss of biodiversity. In 2008 Congress passed amendments to the Lacey Act, a century-old law that combats trafficking in illegal plants and wildlife, and thus closed the entire U.S. market to illegally sourced wood. They must instead be arranged in bilateral agreements. The Regulation starts on 30 November 2014 and requires that before import of these products or processing of raw logs, due diligence is undertaken to minimise the risk that the timber products or raw logs were illegally logged or incorporate illegally logged timber. We are a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization. Tell Uber & Lyft to be part of a clean transportation future. In economic terms illegal logging results in lost revenues and other foregone benefits. We need to grow a resilient food system from the ground up. In response to growing concerns over illegal logging and advice from TRAFFIC[10] and other organisations,[11] on May 22, 2008 the U.S. amended the Lacey Act, when the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 expanded its protection to a broader range of plants and plant products (Section 8204. Royal Institute of International Affairs; Duncan Brack, Gavin Hayman and Kevin Gray (2002), Tony Waters, The Persistence of Subsistence Agriculture, p. 3. 2 Brattle Square, Cambridge MA 02138, USA, Infographic: Wildfires and Climate Change, Building Equitable, Clean, and Climate-Safe Infrastructure, How Soil Erosion Threatens Food and Farms. William D. Sunderlin and Ida Aju Pradnja Resosudarmo: Stokke, Kristian; Vakulchuk, Roman and Indra Overland (2018), Annual report 2003 from the Commission to the Council and the European Parliament on the EC Development Policy and the implementation of External Assistance in 2002, Indonesia-UK Tropical Forestry Management Programme (1999) Illegal Logging in Indonesia. An estimated 73 percent of all logging in Indonesia is believed to be illegal. Learn more. Section 9-13-10.1: Assistance of State Forestry Commission in control and suppression of wildfires by other state agencies: Section 9-13-11 Illegal logging can also include the cutting of species that protected under law or harvesting timber or lumber in quantities that exceed what is permissible by regulations and standards. This test can tell", "Scientists are building a vast library of tree DNA in the fight against deforestation", "Havocscope Illegal Logging Market Value", "The Amazon's Silent Crisis: The EU Market and the EUTR", "TRAFFIC - Wildlife Trade News - Tanzania's disappearing timber revenue", indonesia trees indonesia without trees? It has been called a "world's first" by Zac Goldsmith, minister of state for pacific and the environment.[49]. Democracy and science can be powerful partners for the public good—and both are under attack. The corruption associated with illegal logging weakens the rule of law and fuels the cycle of transnational crime. Solar geoengineering technologies cool the earth by reflecting sunlight back into space—but they pose many risks, challenges, and uncertainties. Executive Order No.26 Declaring an Interdepartmental Convergence Initiative for a National Greening Program Here's how. The event was co-hosted by the World Bank and the Government of Indonesia. In May 2004, the Russian Federation announced its intention to host the ENA FLEG process, supported by the World Bank. Other aspects in illegal logging that are not necessarily involved with the logging itself, but rather in the aspect of transactions in buying or selling illegally acquired lumber can also be considered to be illegal … It is recognised as a world biosphere reserve by the United Nations and forms the largest protected area of swamp forest in South-East Asia. [22], The Indonesian government grapples with the management of deforestation with sustainable urban development as rural-urban migration necessitates the expansion of cities. [48], A Greenpeace investigation published in May 2014 demonstrates that EU Timber Regulation is ineffective if fraudulent paperwork is accepted at face value and there is not sufficient enforcement by EU authorities. In 2008, the acquittal of a proprietor for a timber firm, Adelin Lis, alleged for illegal logging further galvanised public opinion and drew criticisms at the Indonesian political institution. Illegal logging is the harvest, transportation, purchase or sale of timber in violation of laws.The harvesting procedure itself may be illegal, including using corrupt means to gain access to forests; extraction without permission, or from a protected area; the cutting down of protected species; or the extraction of timber in excess of agreed limits. WHEREAS, Martial Law has been declared throughout the Philippines pursuant to Proclamation No. King Bhumibol Adulyadej has blamed the destruction of Thailand's forested areas on the greed of some state officials. Despite the economic importance of trade in timber and forest products, major international timber consumer countries, such as the EU, have no legal means to halt the import of illegally sourced forest products,[2] because the identification of illegally logged or traded timber is technically difficult. Korindo is known to be using illegal timber from the last rainforests of Indonesia. 2001; Ong et al. [27], Illegal logging poses a large threat to Cambodia's forests. Reduce illegal logging and its costly impacts. Provide economic development opportunities. The Conference brought together nearly 150 participants from 20 countries, representing government, international organizations, NGOs, and the private sector. Help ensure that businesses know where their wood is coming from. In June 1977, President Ferdinand Marcos signed a law requiring the planting of one tree every month for five consecutive years by every citizen of the Philippines. [1] These acts are often referred to as "wood laundering"[2]. [25], Lack of regulations has led to unbridled and destructive logging that has caused environmental damage such as soil erosion, river contamination, and increased flooding. The meeting included detailed technical discussions of forest law enforcement in relation to governance, forest policy and forest management as well as ministerial engagement. About Illegal Logging Although the international community has yet to agree upon the definition of "illegal logging," it is commonly understood as the harvest, transport, purchase or sale of timber or wood products in violation of national laws. Illegal logging and related trade occurs when timber is harvested, transported, processed, bought or sold in violation of national or sub-national laws. This page was last edited on 17 January 2021, at 18:33. The EU has 2 key legal acts to fight illegal logging: the forest law enforcement, governance and trade regulation the EU timber regulation. It is clear that while illegal logging does have negative impacts, it also, controversially, and perhaps paradoxically, benefits many stakeholders, including local communities. The Act commenced on 28 November 2012 and establishes Australia’s illegal logging framework. [19] Many of these corporations could circumvent this red tape, maximise revenue profits by employing illegal logging activities as lax law enforcement and porous law regulations in large developing countries like Indonesia undermine forestry conservation efforts.[20]. [26] Due to the remoteness of these regions and the international demand for hardwoods, illegal logging is a threat that is hard to address and will probably continue contributing to deforestation. A subcategory of environmental law, Forestry Law relates to all statutes and regulations that deal with the preservation of forests and parks, reforestation activities to ensure the sustainability of the nation's lands, and the prevention of illegal logging activities. Illegal logging is the harvesting of timber in contravention of the laws and regulations of the country of harvest. In 2016, the FAO-EU FLEGT Programme published an additional study, Traceability: a management tool for business and governments, providing examples of good practices in the region's traceability systems, which help prevent illegal logging by tracking timber from its forest of origin throughout its journey along the supply chain. This includes a wide range of illegal activities, such as: logging of protected species; logging in protected areas; logging with fake … Declaring a moratorium on the cutting and harvesting of timber in the natural and residual forests and creating the anti- illegal logging task force. Private corporations, motivated by economic profits from local and regional market demands for timber, are culpable for deforestation. The US food system should be providing healthy, sustainable food for everyone. A joint UK-Indonesian study of the timber industry in Indonesia in 1998 suggested that about 40% of throughput was illegal, with a value in excess of $365 million. The US continues to keep intercontinental ballistic missiles on high alert—creating the risk of a mistaken nuclear war in response to a false warning. [25] As a result, numerous illegal logging operations have sprung up near the Thai-Burmese border and in the province of Kachin along the Chinese border. Help protect workers from dangerous heat. We use cookies to improve your experience. Tanjung Puting National Park is a 4,000 square kilometre conservation area of global importance. Illegal logging, the harvesting of timber in contravention of national laws, is a major problem in the management of the country's protected areas (Mallari et al. Why isn’t it? Major consumer-side laws related to illegal logging and associated trade include the plant provisions of the U.S. Lacey Act, the EU Timber Regulation, and the Australian Illegal Logging Prohibition Act. Help promote sustainable management of tropical forests.lo. - As used in this Act, the term: In the US, the most important policy related to illegal logging is the Lacey Act, passed more than 100 years ago to limit illegal wildlife trade. Illegal logging occurs in the Philippines and intensifies flood damage in some areas. [28] Illegal commercial timber interests take advantage of weak law enforcement to benefit from illegal cutting. [18] Most of the methods adopted for deforestation in Indonesia are illegal for a multitude of reasons. In the forestry sector, cheap imports of illegal timber and forest products, together with the non-compliance of some economic players with basic social and environmental standards, destabilise international markets. The Saint Petersburg conference brought together nearly 300 participants representing 43 governments, the private sector, civil society and international organisations. It also outlines that businesses must undertake ‘due diligence’ on certain regulated processes. In May 2003, an Indonesian Government investigation confirmed that Korindo was receiving illegal timber from notorious timber barons known to obtain timber from an orang-utan refuge – the Tanjung Puting National Park. The Europe and North Asia Forest Law Enforcement and Governance (ENA FLEG) Ministerial Conference was held in Saint Petersburg, Russia on 22–25 November 2005. Thereafter, these farmers will move on to occupy another plot of land and continually practice their slash-and-burn technique. Powers of State Forestry Commission employees as to enforcement of laws, prevention and suppression of forest fires, etc. The meeting drew together ministers and stakeholders from Africa, Europe and North America to consider how partnerships between producers, consumers, donors, civil society and the private sector could address illegal forest exploitation and associated trade in Africa. However, for many countries, NGOs are the only source of information apart from state institutions, which probably clearly underestimate the true figures. The Lacey Act also makes it unlawful, beginning December 15, 2008, to import certain plants and plant products without a Plant and Plant Product import declaration. We are a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization. Lexington Books (2007). ITFMP Report No. 2 Brattle Square, Cambridge MA 02138, USA It allows for undocumented and unauthorized deforestation in which allows for the exploitation of Cambodia's forests. Under Australian law, illegal logging means ‘the harvesting of timber in contravention of the laws of the country where the timber is harvested’. 1. The Conference's primary aims were to share analysis on forest law enforcement; explore priority issues of forest law enforcement, including illegal logging in the East Asia region, among senior officials from forest and related ministries, NGOs and industry representatives; and commit to action at the national and regional level. Available figures and estimates must be treated with caution. Section 3. However, at the beginning of the 20th century, this forest cover was at around 70% 1. Generating up to USD 157 billion each year, it attracts organised criminal groups and fosters widespread corruption. Sign up or text "SCIENCE" to 662266. Logs are commonly cut on the Burmese side and then smuggled to processing facilities in China or Thailand. The primary means of implementing the Plan is through Voluntary Partnership Agreements with timber producing countries. These agro-industrial companies often do not comply with the basic legal regulations by inappropriately employing cost effective yet environmentally inefficient deforestation methods such as forest fires to clear the land for agricultural purposes. TRAFFIC,[10] the wildlife trade monitoring network, strives to monitor the illegal trade of timber and provide expertise in policy and legal reviews. A preparatory conference was held in Moscow in June 2005. [54], The Timber Development Association (TDA) welcomes on June 6, 2014's release by the Australian Department of Agriculture of a position paper on the Illegal Logging Prohibition Regulation and guidance on how timber and wood products industry can comply on the Australian Government - Department of Agriculture[55] official website. The majority of illegal deforestation is done by the military and powerful sub-contractors. Over the last few years, guitars and a sort of obscure law against illegal logging have come into conflict. It involves cutting trees without permits or removing trees from protected areas, and other activities such as avoiding taxes and laundering illegal logs. Read this book using Google Play Books app on your PC, android, iOS devices. PENALTIES FOR ILLEGAL LOGGING. Urge the Senate to require employers follow science-based protections for workers and their communities. Conservation efforts Government policies. [12] Although exact figures are difficult to calculate, given the illegal nature of the activity, decent estimates show that more than half of the logging that takes place globally is illegal, especially in open and vulnerable areas such as the Amazon Basin,[13] Central Africa, Southeast Asia, the Russian Federation.[14]. Illegal logging and the associated trade of illegally sourced wood products is a clandestine industry that threatens forests and economies alike. Illegal logging is a pervasive problem, causing enormous damage to forests, local communities, and the economies of producer countries. How the US Lacey Act Helps Reduce Illegal Logging in the Tropics. Text STOP to opt out. In Liberia, the programme helped forest communities to negotiate fair contracts with logging companies to stop illegal deforestation, and a new land rights act was signed into law … It prohibits the placing on the EU market for the first time of illegally harvested timber and products derived from such timber; It requires EU traders who place timber products on the EU market for the first time to exercise 'due diligence'; Once on the market, the timber and timber products may be sold on and/or transformed before they reach the final consumer. A study by a Brazilian commission showed that 80% of all logging in the Amazon was illegal during the late 90s 2. The law enforcement action led to BM Group’s removal from Russia’s federal list of priority investment projects, which allow a select group of firms to sidestep public auctions for logging rights. There is a high demand for timber from Burma's neighbours–notably Thailand and China–who have depleted their forests much more than Burma (plunder). Illegal logging is a pervasive problem, causing enormous damage to forests, local communities and to the economies of producer countries. Illegal logging in the Amazon While laws exist which authorize logging in designated areas, illegal logging is widespread in Brazil and several Amazon countries. Incredibly, since 2015, the forest area in the Philippines has been rising, mainly thanks to government initiatives and increased law enforcement 1. Illegal logging is the harvesting of wood that is in violation of national regulations. It will force businesses to check more carefully where their materials are coming from. [30] Given that a mature, 30 year-old Siamese rosewood tree can fetch 300,000 baht on the black market, illegal logging is unlikely to disappear.[31][32]. [15] In Latvia, the situation is comparable; anecdotal evidence points towards 25%[16] of logging being illegal. If effectively implemented, the Lacey Act will: Text "SCIENCE" to 662266 or sign up online. Can we prevent them from being used again? In social terms illegal logging can be linked to conflicts over land and resources, the disem… Illegal logging is the harvesting, processing, transporting, buying or selling of timber in contravention of national and international laws. Therefore, a legal basis for normative acts against timber imports or othe… Governments tend to underestimate the situation, given that high estimates of illegal logging may cause embarrassment as these suggest ineffective enforcement of legislation or, even worse, bribery and corruption. Therefore, a legal basis for normative acts against timber imports or other products manufactured out of illegal wood is missing. What is Forestry Law? Illegal logging exists because of increasing demand for timber, paper and derivative products, including packaging. On the political front, the Indonesian governmental role in curbing deforestation has largely been criticised. It involves cutting trees without permits or removing trees from protected areas, and other activities such as avoiding taxes and laundering illegal logs. It agreed to the Saint Petersburg Declaration on Forest Law Enforcement and Governance in Europe and North Asia. What is illegal logging? For companies in the forestry sector, publications making high estimates can be regarded as potentially threatening for their reputation and their market perspective, including the competitiveness of wood in comparison to other materials. On December 28, 2019, Chinese legislators revised the country’s Forest Law to ban “purchase, process or transport” of illegal logs. © Union of Concerned Scientists The scale of illegal logging represents a major loss of revenue to many countries and can lead to widespread associated environmental damage. Worth an estimated $51–$152 billion annually, the illegal timber industry simultaneously threatens the world’s forests and steals from local communities that rely on forests for food, health, and wealth. [57], Harvest, transportation, purchase, or sale of timber in violation of laws, For further details on illegal logging, see: Duncan Brack and Gavin Hayman (2001) Intergovernmental Actions on Illegal Logging. An estimated 9.8 … The conference took place as the United Kingdom prepared to pass the G8 Presidency to Russia. This further augments scepticism in the Indonesian government's credibility in efficiently and responsibly managing their urban development projects and forestry conservation efforts. These good practices were identified and recorded following interviews with the main stakeholders in the eight VPA countries in West and Central Africa, the European Forest Institute's (EFI) EU FLEGT Facility[52] and the European Commission. These laws derive from both federal and state sources. In the social landscape, small-scale subsistence farmers in rural areas, who received minimal education, employ a basic method of slash-and-burn to support their agricultural activities. A major problem is that illegal logging is still classified in Myanmar as an environmental matter, and not as a criminal act, making it difficult for the Forest Department to bring a lawsuit against the offenders. [21] This contributing social factor to deforestation reinforces the challenges faced by forestry sustainability in developing countries such as Indonesia. (617) 547-5552. This rudimentary agricultural technique involves the felling of forest trees before a dry season and, subsequently, the burning of these trees in the following dry season to provide fertilisers to support their crop activities. [29], Governmental officials in charge of protected areas have contributed to deforestation by allowing illegal logging and illegal timber trading. In 2008, WWF worked with a coalition of businesses and organizations to pass groundbreaking amendments to the Lacey Act that prohibit illegal timber and timber products from entering the US market. No purchase necessary. Generally though, illegal logging can be considered a process consisting of the following steps: illegal activities pre-logging (getting permits), illegal … To facilitate the traceability of timber products, economic operators in this part of the supply chain (referred to as traders in the regulation) have an obligation to keep records of their suppliers and customers. Climate change is one of the most devastating problems humanity has ever faced—and the clock is running out. Record breaking logging of last rainforests, "Indonesia's Sinar Mas Accused of Illegal Land Clearing", "Rates and Causes of Deforestation in Indonesia: Towards a Resolution of the Ambiguities", "Tackling Political Corruption to Combat Illegal Logging", "Thailand's green cover in slow decline as 40% goal remains out of reach", "Timber - Species we work with at TRAFFIC", UK BANS BIG BUSINESSES FROM SELLING PRODUCTS LINKED TO ILLEGAL DEFORESTATION, "The Stolen Forests: Inside the covert war on illegal logging", "U.S. Department of Agriculture Lacey Act Guidance", "Department of Agriculture Illegal Logging", "Australia: Illegal Logging Prohibition Regulation position paper welcomed by the timber industry", UAV Drones Becoming Valuable Tools in Fighting Illegal Deforestation in Global Conservation Projects, Satellite Technology Aims to Combat Illegal Logging in Real Time, "Timber trafficking: Illegal Logging in Indonesia, South East Asia and International Consumption of Illegally Sourced Timber", Illegal Logging and Related Timber Trade - Dimensions, Drivers, Impacts and Responses, International Union of Forest Research Organizations, FAO-EU Forest Law Enforcement, Governance and Trade (FLEGT) Programme, European Commission page on illegal logging, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Illegal_logging&oldid=1000988444, Articles with dead external links from November 2018, Articles with permanently dead external links, Articles needing additional references from February 2013, All articles needing additional references, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Illegal logging and the associated trade of illegally sourced wood products is a clandestine industry that threatens forests and economies alike. The State shall therefore regulate the ownership, possession, sale, transfer, importation and/or use of chain saws to prevent them from being used in illegal logging or unauthorized clearing of forests. Our transportation system is outdated and broken—and it needs to change. [53], The requirements under the new Amendments are two-fold. Download for offline reading, highlight, bookmark or take notes while you read Illegal Logging: Law Enforcement, Livelihoods and the Timber Trade. The Union of Concerned Scientists is actively monitoring the coronavirus pandemic and its implications for scientific integrity. Illegal logging could be defined as breaking of laws on cutting, processing and transporting timber or wood products. It is a global problem with significant economic, social and environmental impact. It is difficult for central government officials to visit areas still controlled by former Pol Pot forces. On the other hand, environmental NGOs publish alarming figures to raise awareness and to emphasise the need for stricter conservation measures. In May 2004, the Russian Federation announced its intention to host the ENA FLEG process, supported by the World Bank. It has a devastating impact on some of the world's most valuable remaining forests, and on the people who live in them and rely on the resources that forests provide. A preparatory conference was held in Moscow in June 2005. The 1999 Forestry Law states that it is essential for companies to be endorsed by authorities in respective regions with an IPK permit, a timber harvesting permit, for legal approval of their deforestation activities. The Africa Forest Law Enforcement and Governance (AFLEG) Ministerial Conference was held in Yaoundé, Cameroon in October 2003. This agricultural practice is repetitively employed on the same plot of land until it is denuded of its nutrients and could no longer suffice to support agricultural yields. This could include harvesting timber from protected areas, felling protected species, or exceeding logging quotas. Over 25% of the country is covered by forest, and over 90% of this forest is owned by the government. In 2014, the FAU-EU-FLEGT Programme[50] of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations published the study The Voluntary Partnership Agreement (VPA) process in Central and West Africa: from theory to practice[51] to document and foster strategic reflection in partner countries already engaged in negotiating a VPA - or those who will be entering into such negotiations - by providing examples of good practices. The European Union Timber Regulation was adopted in 2010 and went into effect 3 March 2013. The Europe and North Asia Forest Law Enforcement and Governance (ENA FLEG) Ministerial Conference was held in Saint Petersburg, Russia on 22–25 November 2005. The East Asia Forest Law Enforcement and Governance (EA FLEG) Ministerial Conference took place in Bali in September 2001. [11], It is estimated that illegal logging on public land alone causes losses in assets and revenue in excess of US$10 billion annually. Take action to prioritize science-based election reforms. We're arming the new administration with facts, evidence, and science. This unfair competition affects those European companies, especially the small and medium-sized companies that are behaving responsibly and ready to play by fair rules. China is the world’s largest importer of legal and illegal timber, and if the change is enforced it could boost efforts to fight the illegal logging trade. 2002). The Act makes it a criminal offense to intentionally, knowingly or recklessly import wood, pulp and paper products into Australia or process Australian raw logs that have been illegally logged. As Valery Roshchupkin, Head of the Federal Forestry Agency of the Russian Federation, confirmed, illegal logging would be of special importance for Russia as the G8 President and for the following G8 Summit, also held in Saint Petersburg. Illegal logging is the harvesting of wood in violation of national laws. The much heralded decline of illegal logging in the mid- 2000s in some tropical regions was widely attributed to a short-term law enforcement effort. Illegal logging and timber trade is the world’s most lucrative form of transnational crime after counterfeiting, drug smuggling and human trafficking. This marked the beginning of a long process by which the EU aims to develop and implement measures to address illegal logging and related trade. 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