Others insisted that he would flaunt established institutional norms and stay in power beyond his allotted two terms. While ideas promoted by Xis two immediate predecessors, Jiang Zemin and Hu Jintao, would also be incorporated, their names would not, thus venerating a trifecta of Chinese leadersMao, Deng, and Xionly to reinforce Xis egoism. These seven perils were enumerated in a memo, referred to as Document No. She received her undergraduate degree in English at the PLA Foreign Language Institute in Luoyang and her doctoral degree in literature at the Chinese Academy of Social Science. Upon taking office in 2013, Xi issued a memo urging party officials to eradicate "seven subversive currents" coursing through Chinese societyincluding "Western constitutional democracy," notions of "universal values" of human rights, and a Western-style free press. Western anti-China forces led by the United States have joined in one after the other, and colluded with dissidents within the country to make slanderous attacks on us in the name of so-called press freedom and constitutional democracy, said Zhang Guangdong, a propaganda official in Lianyungang, citing the conclusions from the meeting of central propaganda officials. Sent-down youth () refers to young, educated urbanites who left their home cities to serve as manual laborers in the countryside during the Cultural Revolution. Hu Deping, a reform-minded former government official who has met Mr. Xi, recently issued a public warning about the leftward drift. For example, Chinese intellectuals have expressed criticism and concern that Wang was overly reliant on political campaigns and underutilized legal procedures in addressing official corruption and in so doing created unfairness and fear in the political establishment. Conclusion. Subsequently, Wang served as general manager of the Agriculture Credit and Investment Company (198889), vice governor of China Construction Bank (198993), vice governor of the Peoples Bank of China (199394), and governor of China Construction Bank (199497). Habit #3: Fix, make or bake stuff yourself, because it strengthens your independence of thought from the soul-robbing, imagination-sucking, corporate production of stuff. She was first elected to the Central Committee as an alternate member at the 15th Party Congress in 1997. Deep-ocean currents are initiated near Antarctica and in the North Atlantic Ocean, where cold, dense water sinks. They have been disillusioned by Xis leadership since 2013, when authorities began cracking down on open discussion of seven subversive currents, including universal values, constitutional democracy, human rights, civil society, and media freedom. Given his age, Liu will most likely serve only a single term in the Politburo. Not much information is available about Han Zhengs family. The scale of those celebrations has not been announced. One could also make the argument that the top leader intentionally (or as a compromise) chooses his successor from the rival faction in order to unite the party leadership. After his time in Fujian, Xi served as governor of Zhejiang Province (2002) and party secretary of Zhejiang Province (200207). Hu Chunhua was selected as a Politburo member in 2012 and is considered a front-runner of the so-called sixth generation leadership. While the timing of this constitutional change aligns well with Xis political motivations at home, it could not have come at a worse time for U.S.-China relations. In other words, the party boss selects a team of rivals () in order to consolidate power.3. On the other, his politically conservative approach to governancein particular, his reliance on ideological oversight and media censorshiphas left him at loggerheads with many of the countrys intellectuals. For more information, see. By Herb Kirchhoff. The political establishment, while certainly composed of some yes-men willing to do the presidents bidding, is by no means monolithic. This time the language and violence seem only frantic, not genuinely subversive or liberating. He was first elected to the Central Committee as an alternate member at the 15th Party Congress (1997). Three years later, in 2000, he was appointed director of the State Council General Office of Economic Reform. Learn more. Hu volunteered to work in Tibet after graduation, where he established his patron-mentor relationship with Hu Jintao, who was then serving as party secretary (198892). He was Liu Zhiyans only child from his first marriage, which ended in divorce. 8893. After that, Hu served as governor and deputy party secretary of Hebei Province (200809). Han continued to advance his career in Shanghai, serving as vice-mayor (19982003), deputy party secretary (200212), mayor (200312), acting party secretary (2007), and finally party secretary (201217). In fact, Xi attended the Bayi School and Beijing No. Cognitive Perspective. Mr. Bo goes on trial on Thursday. Opponents of one-party rule, it says, have stirred up trouble about disclosing officials assets, using the Internet to fight corruption, media controls and other sensitive topics, to provoke discontent with the party and government.. His township-centered urbanization, however, was regarded by Xis economic team as neither desirable (due to its resulting inefficiency of resources and widespread pollution) nor feasible (because young people are less interested in staying at small towns) and thus was largely replaced by a development strategy for large urban clusters. Indeed, senior central propaganda officials met to discuss the newspaper protest, among other issues, and called it a plot to subvert the party, according to a speech on a party Web site of Lianyungang, a port city in eastern China. However, Wang has ostensibly also made many political enemies. (, SeeXi Jinpings Personal Secretary Suddenly Speaks Prior to Chinas Two Conferences: Some People Are Attempting An Internal Coup In the Party. [] Boxun, February 25, 2018. Liu served as a chief drafter of the communiqu at the Third Plenum of the 18th National Party Congress, which claimed to be version 2.0 of Chinas market development.5. 9, that bears the unmistakable imprimatur of Xi Jinping, China's new top leader. To better deter Russian subversion, we suggest concentrating defensive efforts on the most vulnerable regions and institutions and ensuring Purpose. To some extent, the overriding objective of his anti-corruption campaign has been to restore the Chinese publics faith in its ruling party, which lost public trust in the wake of the Bo Xilai scandal and the Ling Jihua incident.3, Military Reform Xi achieved a milestone victory in restructuring the PLA, through efforts which have been officially referred to as military reform (). This marked the first time in CCP history that a plenum concentrated on law. He has responded to praise of his work by stating that it is inappropriate to emphasize any one individuals contributions to Chinas economic policy. HONG KONG, Aug. 20 (UPI) -- Western constitutional democracy and human rights are among the so-called subversive currents running through Chinese society, a memo warns. Cheng Li, Chinese Politics in the Xi Jinping Era: Reassessing Collective Leadership (Washington, DC: The Brookings Institution Press, 2016), p. 268. Internal warnings show that President Xi Jinping fears that the Communist Party is vulnerable to public anger about corruption and challenges from liberals impatient for political change. No further information is available on Suns family. The political establishment, while certainly composed of some yes-men willing to do the presidents bidding, is by no means monolithic. Current below the surface. He is very important to me. Quoted from Bob Davis, Meeting Liu He, Xi Jinpings Choice to Fix a Faltering Chinese Economy, Wall Street Journal, October 6, 2013. Xi received his undergraduate education in chemical engineering from Tsinghua University in Beijing (197579) and later graduated with a doctoral degree in law (Marxism) from the Institute of Humanities and Social Sciences at Tsinghua University (via part-time studies, 19982002). That has included a visit to a historic site where Mao undertook one of his own attempts to remake the ruling party in the 1950s. Xis efforts have sought to showcase Chinas rapid rise on the world stage under his leadership, including through the launch of the Belt and Road Initiative and the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB), and Chinas deepening engagement in international institutions and forums, most notably his speech at the Davos World Economic Forum in 2017. In 1998, Li was transferred to Henan Province, where he served as governor (19982003) and, concurrently, deputy party secretary (19982002) and then party secretary (200204). Since the circular was issued, party-run publications and Web sites have vehemently denounced constitutionalism and civil society, notions that were not considered off limits in recent years. Mr. Xi will face another ideological test later in the year when the Communist Party celebrates the 120th anniversary of Maos birth. Communist Party cadres gathered around China to hear that power could escape their grip, unless the party eradicates seven subversive currents coursing through Chinese society. In 2009, he was transferred to Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, where he served as party secretary (200912) and chairman of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Regional Peoples Congress (201012). China Takes Aim at Western Ideas HONG KONG Communist Party cadres have filled meeting halls around China to hear a somber, secretive warning issued by senior leaders. Vice president of the Peoples Republic of China (2018present). Western forces hostile to China and dissidents within the country are still constantly infiltrating the ideological sphere, says Document No. As Liu He articulated at the Davos World Economic Forum in 2018, active participation in economic globalization and the deepening of Chinas economic reform and openness have remained central to the countrys long-standing economic outlook. The. A government memo from April identified seven "subversive currents" that are not to be spoken of, including "universal values" like human rights, press freedom, judicial independence, economic neoliberalism, and historic mistakes of the Communist Party. Xi said, This is Liu He. He was a sent-down youth at an agricultural commune in Fengyang County, Anhui (197476)1. Xi Jinping is widely considered to be a protg of both former PRC president Jiang Zemin and former PRC vice-president Zeng Qinghong. Promotion of Western constitutional democracy is an attempt to negate the partys leadership, Cheng Xinping, a deputy head of propaganda for Hengyang, a city in Hunan, told a gathering of mining industry officials. Within the Secretariat of the CCYL Central Committee, Li served as alternate member (198385), secretary (198593), and first secretary (199398). As a subscriber, you have 10 gift articles to give each month. Wang most recently served as secretary of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection (201217). In October 2007, he was promoted to Politburo Standing Committee member (2007present) and, shortly thereafter, served as executive vice premier of the State Council (200813). Russia's Cold War subversive activities focused on so-called "active measures" - attempts to influence debate often delivered via "agents of influence", including politicians and journalists. After the founding of the PRC, Liu Zhiyan served consecutively as an official in the Central Organization Department of the CCP Central Committee, as a Secretariat member of the Kunming Municipal Party Committee, as a member of the Standing Committee of the CCP Yunnan Provincial Committee, and as secretary of the Secretariat and chief of staff of the CCP Southwestern Bureau. Wang was a staff member at the Shaanxi Museum (197173 and 197379) before he joined the CCP in 1983. She served as secretary of the Chinese Communist Youth League (CCYL) of the Light Industry Bureau of Anshan City (197477), and served as a manager and party official of the Anshan Textile Factory (197788). Nevertheless, in his first term as premier, Li promoted a number of policy priorities. He received an MBA from the School of Business Administration at Seton Hall University (199293) and an MPA from the Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University (199495), where he was a Mason Research Fellow. Power could escape their grip, they have been told, unless the party eradicates seven subversive currents coursing through Chinese society. As the son-in-law of Yao Yilin, a former Politburo Standing Committee member and vice premier, Wang is considered a princeling. Li began working in the CCYL Central Committee at the end of 1982, precisely when Hu Jintao became secretary of the CCYL. Mr. Xis cherry picking of approaches from each of the rival camps, analysts say, could end up miring his own agenda in intraparty squabbling. Attempting to shake the party's ideological and theoretical foundation. She received a technical education from the Anshan Institute of Iron and Steel Technology in Anshan City, Liaoning Province (196569)1. 25 School, while Liu went to Beijing No. Share. The author of five books and over 200 articles, Liu He focuses his research on five broad areas: the relationship between economic development and changes in industrial structure in China; macroeconomic theory; corporate governance and property rights; the new economy and the information industry; and the reform of Chinese SOEs. She then served as party secretary of Fujian (200912) and party secretary of Tianjin (201214). The consequent rifts are unusually open, and they could widen and bog down Mr. Xi, said Xiao Gongqin, a professor of history at Shanghai Normal University who is also a prominent proponent of gradual, party-guided reform. He also served as deputy head of the 2010 Shanghai World Expo Organizing Committee and head of the Executive Committee (200411). Others may see Xis reversal of constitutional constraints on term limits as heralding a return to an era of vicious power strugglesa zero-sum game in which they will also ruthlessly engage in the years to come. The first was Western constitutional democracy; others included promoting universal values of human rights, Western-inspired notions of media independence and civic participation, ardently pro-market neo-liberalism, and nihilist criticisms of the partys traumatic past. He served as vice-minister and deputy party secretary of the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) (201318). Power could escape their grip, they have been told, unless. This includes four military alternate members of the 18th Central Committee who were promoted to be full members of the 19th Central Committee. Their perceptions of Xi as a Mao- like figure . Undoing this restriction essentially lines Xi up to be President for Life. It appears that Xi has seized upon his moment at the pinnacle of accrued political capital to avoid becoming a lame duck and to cement his hold over the country for as long as he desires. This left him with two potential paths for succession. She also served as party secretary of Dalian, Liaoning (200105), and as first secretary of the All-China Federation of Trade Unions (ACFTU) (200509). Their perceptions of Xi as a Mao-like figure may now be crystallized. He became a member of the Standing Committee of the Shanghai Municipal Party Committee while continuing to work as deputy secretary-general (199798). Hu advanced his political career largely through the Chinese Communist Youth League (CCYL). Other crossword clues with similar answers to 'Subsurface current'. Asked whether they consider the exhibition subversive, Sirakovich says, "In the history of the museum, there have been things that were more subversive." And Mendelsohn adds: "I don't understand all the fuss over nudity. As vice premier in charge of Chinas finance and economic structural reforms, Liu plays a key role in implementing Xis economic agenda, including that of innovation-driven and environment-sensitive urbanization, prevention of financial crisis, and poverty alleviation. Most recently, she served as director of the Central United Front Work Department of the CCP Central Committee (201417). Xis first marriage produced no children. Over the course of his first term, Xi has proven himself to be Chinas strongest leader since Deng Xiaoping. The couple does not have any children. Their work contains content that has appeared in art . Current name's position in town apparently. In particular, his management of the SARS epidemic in the spring of 2003 has been taken as evidence of his efficacy in crisis.4 Wangs experience handling crises and other challenges includes his appointment as executive vice-governor of Guangdong in 1998 to manage the bankruptcy of a major financial institution in the wake of the 1997 Asian financial crisis; his appointment as party secretary of Hainan Province in 2002 to address the decade-long real estate bubble on the island; and his role as mayor of Beijing during the 2008 Olympics.5, Wang is widely recognized in China by the nickname chief of the fire brigade (). You might want to call someone subversive if they are sneakily trying to undermine something, from the social structure of your high school to an entire system of government. Wang was transferred to Guangdong Province in 1997 to serve as vice governor. : a systematic attempt to overthrow or undermine a government or political system by persons working from within also : the crime of committing acts in furtherance of such an attempt subversionary -zh-ner- adjective subversive -vr-siv adjective or noun subversively adverb subversiveness noun More from Merriam-Webster on subversion Wang Qishans toughness, popularity among the Chinese public, expertise in finance, and international reputation have made him indispensable to Xi. Aware of Wangs high profile among the Chinese public and this nickname, former U.S. Treasury Secretary Timothy Geithner presented Wang with an authentic New York City Fire Department hat during Wangs visit to the United States in 2011.6, During Xis first term, Wang Qishan was Xis strongest political ally and acted as the partys anticorruption czar. Wang launched the largest anti-graft campaign in the PRC history, purging approximately 440 leaders at the vice-ministerial and vice-provincial levels () on corruption charges, including 79 PLA officers holding the rank of major general or higher and 45 members of the CCPs 18th Central Committee.7. 9, that bears the unmistakable imprimatur of Xi Jinping, China's new top leader. Having served for two decades as a top administrator of Chinas pacesetting city, Shanghai, Han Zheng emerged from the 19th Party Congress as a top economic decision-maker in national leadership. A similar tension exists in Xis approach to legal reforms. The daughter, Liu Hes half-sister, married Gong Zheng, the current governor of Shandong Province. Relatively liberal officials and intellectuals hoped the ousting last year of Bo Xilai, a charismatic politician who favored leftist policies, would help their cause. Liu He is one of Xi Jinpings most trusted confidants3. The citizen-activists demanding that party officials reveal their family wealth cited Mr. Xis own vows to end official corruption and deliver more candid government. Han worked in the warehouse of a lifting installation company in Shanghai, and as a clerk in the supply and marketing division of the same company. See Everybody Loves Chinese Vice-Premier Wang Qishan, Public Intelligence, January 23, 2011. She was head of the Womens Association of Anshan City (198891), deputy head of the Workers Union of Liaoning Province (199193), head of the Womens Association of Liaoning (199394), head of the Workers Union of Liaoning (199497), and deputy party secretary of Liaoning (19972005). After that, Liu worked as a researcher at the Development Research Center of the State Council (198788). Beginning with the Trump administrations first national defense strategy, the United States has begun painting China as a strategic competitor that is pursuing an authoritarian advance under Xi Jinping. I dont believe we have a clear consensus on the precise mix of policies that are necessary to address this challenge. Sun began her career as a worker in a watch factory in Anshan (1969) and, eventually, became a party official in the same factory (197174). To Xi or not to Xi? Psychological perspectives are different ways of thinking about and explaining human behavior. The information you're looking for, is in the "To URL" section. 2. Created by Michael Dante DiMartino and Bryan Konietzko, Avatar: The Last Airbender is an anime-influenced animated TV series aired on Nickelodeon.Set in a world separated into different elemental . Li Keqiang was born on July 1, 1955, in Dingyuan County, Anhui Province. In 1988, for example, Zhu Rongji, then mayor of Shanghai, visited the citys Dazhonghua Rubber Plant, where Han Zheng was employed. Nudity and erotica have existed in art since prehistoric times. 9 called for the eradication of "seven subversive currents" in Chinese society including "Western constitutional democracy," universal. Not much information is available regarding Hu Chunhuas family. Some unofficial biographers say he was born in Qingdao City, Shandong Province, and that Tianzhen was his ancestral home. At Chinas 19th Party Congress last October, Xi refused to field any sixth-generation successors as part of the newly formed Politburo Standing Committee. For more information on Chinas top party leaders, see our background profiles for the 19th Politburo and Politburo Standing Committee. Zhang Ping, The sixth generation of leaders in the Chinese Communist Party was born out of speculations, Deutsche Welle, November 21, 2012. Han was then made secretary of the CCYL committee of the Chemical Industry Bureau of the Shanghai Municipal Government (198286), deputy party secretary of the Shanghai School of Chemical Engineering (198687), party secretary and deputy director of Shanghai No. Human rights advocates, he continued, want ultimately to form a force for political confrontation.. She also took over Ling Jihuas post when Ling was under investigation in 2014. The mission of the Forum is to provide policy recommendations to the government on major economic issues. Some analystsincluding usnaively hoped that Xi wanted more time to train, groom, and test a potential successor before identifying the candidate. 15, 2324. During the visit, Zhu lauded Hans work. Liu Hes father, Liu Zhiyan, was a veteran Communist leader who joined the CCP in 1936 and participated in the student-led December 9th Movement in Beijing. Having been nominated by Hu, Li was promoted to alternate member of the CCYL Secretariat three months later. His parents were farmers in a poor and remote village within an ethnic minority autonomous county in Hubei Province. She joined the CCP in 1973. These seven perils were enumerated in a memo, referred to as Document No. Li then served as party secretary of Liaoning Province (200407). After graduating from Peking University, Hu went to Tibet, where he worked as a clerk at the Organization Department in the CCP Committee of Tibet (198384), as an official at the newspaper Tibet Youth Daily (198485), and as an official at the Tibet Hotel (198587). New Routes ~ Asia-to-Europe Translogistics. However, Lius career path, especially over the past two decades, has closely mirrored that of former vice-premier and Politburo member Zeng Peiyan6. Therefore, Chinese public expectations in the lead-up to the 19th Party Congress were that Hu Chunhua would ascend to the 19th Politburo Standing Committee, which presented a serious challenge for Xi. Xi was a sent-down youth at an agricultural commune in Yanchuan County, Shaanxi (196975)1. China wants lots of children but many families don't, struggling to create distance between itself and Moscow. Li is widely considered to be a protg of Hu Jintao. Subversive definition, tending or intending to subvert or overthrow, destroy, or undermine an established or existing system, especially a legally constituted government or a set of beliefs. Han spent much of his early career working at the grassroots level. He was the first person from his county to attend Peking University. Proactive Foreign Policy Xis proactive () approach to foreign policy marks a significant departure from Deng Xiaopings strategy of keeping a low profile (). 9 was mentioned; it enumerates the 'Seven Perils'. As an undergraduate majoring in law, Li studied under Professor Gong Xiangrui, a well-known, British-educated expert on Western political and administrative systems. Likewise, scholars and lawyers who have campaigned for limiting party power under the rule of law have also invoked Mr. Xis promise to honor Chinas Constitution. I enjoy her subversive sense of humor. Buckey says that it "bears the unmistakable imprimatur of Xi Jinping." The pressures that prompted the partys ideological counteroffensive spilled onto the streets of Guangzhou, a city in southern China, early this year. A party paper, known as Document No. Han then served as deputy secretary of the Chinese Communist Youth League (CCYL) (197580) and as a clerk of the Shanghai Chemical Equipment Industry Co., Ltd (198082). They are trying to break through our political system, and this was a classic example, he said of the newspaper protest. He also served as president of the Central Party School (200712), the most important venue for training officials and ideological/policy research in the CCP. Power could escape their grip, they have been told, unless the party eradicates seven subversive currents coursing through Chinese society. The warnings were not idle. Wang is married to Yao Mingshan. He served as party secretary of Guangdong (201217). In Chinas tight but often contentious political circles, proponents of deeper Western-style economic changes are often allied with those pushing for rule of law and a more open political system, while traditionalists favor greater state control of both economic and political life. Her father was a factory worker. He received a bachelors degree in Chinese literature from Peking University (197983) and a masters degree (via part-time studies) in world economics from the Central Party School (199699). In his most recent State of the Union Address, President Donald Trump asserted that rivals like Chinachallenge our interests, our economy, and our values. Xis actions will only play into rising fears about China among Americans, who will further conflate Chinas leadership with that of other authoritarian regimes like Russia and Turkey. Wang Qishan was born in 1948 in Tianzhen County, Shanxi Province1. For more discussion about Hu Chunhuas patron-client ties with Hu Jintao, see Ren Huayi, The Sixth Generation: The CCPs Last Generation of Successors [] (New York: Mirror Books, 2010), and Ke Wei, The Rising Stars of the CCPs Sixth Generation [] (Hong Kong: New Culture Press, 2010). Who were promoted to alternate member of the State Council General Office of economic Reform ; re looking,. Enumerated in a poor and remote village within an ethnic minority autonomous County in Hubei Province has. Hu Deping, a reform-minded former government official who has met Mr. Xi, recently a... 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